A review on electric vehicle hybrid energy storage systems

With over 40% annual growth at market sales and decrease air pollution outcome, electric vehicles prove to be the evolution of transportation. However, expected range lithium battery limitations, considerably affect their adoption by consumers. In this article, hybrid energy storage systems consisting batteries ultracapacitors, are presented thoroughly. first part paper, a complete review ultracapacitors technology is introduced followed classification concerning: Electrolyte electrode class used, leakage current limitations modelling for each available ultracapacitor type. Additional information provided on system regarding: Topologies/ converter layouts, exploitation recovery reduction sizing, costs weight. Finally, need proper management system/controller with constant state charge temperature calculation drawn, ensuring reliability, performance maximum efficiency lifetime.